It is currently situated adjacent to the Shrine of the Book exhibit at the Israel Museum in JerusalemĪccording to the Book of Ezra, construction of the Second Temple was called for by Cyrus the Great and began in 538 BCE, after the fall of the Neo-Babylonian Empire the year before. Herod's Temple as imagined in the Holyland Model of Jerusalem. All that which is surrounded by this partition, which, as noted, is like the court of the Tabernacle, is called 'Courtyard' ( Hebrew: עזרה), whereas all of it together is called 'Temple' ( Hebrew: מקדש). They are enjoined to make a different partition surrounding the Sanctuary, distant from it, similar to the screen-like hangings of the court that were in the wilderness. The three of these places are called 'Sanctuary' ( Hebrew: היכל). the building of the Temple), a holy site and an inner-sanctum, and where there is positioned in front of the holy site a certain place that is called a 'Hall' ( Hebrew: אולם). They are enjoined to make, in what concerns it (i.e. Jewish rabbi and philosopher Moses Maimonides gave the following definition of "Temple" in his Mishne Torah (Hil. While Greek and Hebrew texts make this distinction, English texts do not always do so. In classic English texts, however, the word "Temple" is used interchangeably, sometimes having the strict connotation of the Temple precincts, with its courts ( Greek: ἱερὸν), while at other times having the strict connotation of the Temple Sanctuary ( Greek: ναός). In rabbinic literature, the temple sanctuary is Beit HaMikdash ( Hebrew: בית המקדש), meaning, "The Holy House", and only the Temple in Jerusalem is referred to by this name. The Hebrew name given in the Hebrew Bible for the building complex is either Mikdash ( Hebrew: מקדש), as used in Exodus, or simply Bayt / Beit Adonai ( Hebrew: בית), as used in 1 Chronicles. Two landmark Islamic Caliphate-era structures, the Dome of the Rock and the Al-Aqsa Mosque lie today atop the Temple Mount, called the "Al Aqsa Mosque compound" or historically al-Ḥaram al-Sharīf by Muslims. Outside of Judaism, the Temple (and today the Temple Mount) also carries a high level of significance as the third-holiest site in Islam. Projects to build the hypothetical " Third Temple" have not come to fruition in the modern era, though the Temple in Jerusalem still features prominently in Judaism. While the Second Temple stood for a longer period of time than the First Temple, it was likewise destroyed during the Roman siege of Jerusalem in 70 CE. Almost a century later, the First Temple was replaced by the Second Temple, which was built after the Neo-Babylonian Empire was conquered by the Achaemenid Persian Empire. 587 BCE, when it was destroyed during the Babylonian siege of Jerusalem. According to the Hebrew Bible, the First Temple was built in the 10th century BCE, during the reign of Solomon over the United Kingdom of Israel. The Temple in Jerusalem, or alternatively the Holy Temple ( Hebrew: בֵּית־הַמִּקְדָּשׁ, Modern: Bēt haMīqdaš, Tiberian: Bēṯ hamMīqdāš Arabic: بيت المقدس, Bayt al-Maqdis), refers to the two now-destroyed religious structures that served as the central places of worship for Israelites and Jews on the modern-day Temple Mount in the Old City of Jerusalem. Former places of Israelite and Jewish worship Part of a series on
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